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Abstract Fire is a major disturbance process in many ecosystems world-wide, resulting in spatially and temporally dynamic landscapes. For populations occupying such environments, fire-induced landscape change is likely to influence population processes, and genetic patterns and structure among populations. The Mallee Emu-wren Stipiturus mallee is an endangered passerine whose global distribution is confined to fire-prone, semi-arid mallee shrublands in south-eastern Australia. This species, with poor capacity for dispersal, has undergone a precipitous reduction in distribution and numbers in recent decades. We used genetic analyses of 11 length-variable, nuclear loci to examine population structure and processes within this species, across its global range. Populations of the Mallee Emu-wren exhibited a low to moderate level of genetic diversity, and evidence of bottlenecks and genetic drift.

Bayesian clustering methods revealed weak genetic population structure across the species' range. The direct effects of large fires, together with associated changes in the spatial and temporal patterns of suitable habitat, have the potential to cause population bottlenecks, serial local extinctions and subsequent recolonisation, all of which may interact to erode and homogenise genetic diversity in this species. Youtube Program Genie Garage Door Opener.

Movement among temporally and spatially shifting habitat, appears to maintain long-term genetic connectivity. A plausible explanation for the observed genetic patterns is that, following extensive fires, recolonisation exceeds in-situ survival as the primary driver of population recovery in this species.

These findings suggest that dynamic, fire-dominated landscapes can drive genetic homogenisation of populations of species with low-mobility and specialised habitat that otherwise would be expected to show strongly structured populations. Such effects must be considered when formulating management actions to conserve species in fire-prone systems. Citation: Brown SM, Harrisson KA, Clarke RH, Bennett AF, Sunnucks P (2013) Limited Population Structure, Genetic Drift and Bottlenecks Characterise an Endangered Bird Species in a Dynamic, Fire-Prone Ecosystem. PLoS ONE 8(4): e59732. Editor: Don A. Driscoll, The Australian National University, Australia Received: September 3, 2012; Accepted: February 21, 2013; Published: April 23, 2013 Copyright: © 2013 Brown et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Funding: This research was funded by the Holsworth Wildlife Research Fund and the Winifred Scott Charitable Trust. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Competing interests: Dr. Rohan Clarke and Assoc. Paul Sunnucks are PLOS ONE Editorial Board members. This association does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as outlined in the online guidelines for authors. Introduction Fire is a major disturbance process that changes landscape structure in many ecosystems worldwide, and has profound impacts on biodiversity. Substantial changes in species diversity and community structure may result from fire, including an increased risk of extinction for populations –. Fires initiate spatial and temporal changes in resources, which alter the suitability of habitat for species.