Cranial function of theropod dinosaurs has been extensively studied in the past based on direct inferences through tooth marks and feeding traces [32,33], theoretical considerations derived from functional measurements [34,35], and most recently by using computational biomechanical analyses [36–38]. While several cross-sectional studies have investigated the acute effects of shoe drop on running biomechanics, the long-term consequences are currently unknown. This study aimed to investigate if the drop of standard cushioned shoes induces specific adaptations in running technique over a six-month period.

Furthermore, this same task may be performed in multiple ways, with different muscle combinations. From the mechanical viewpoint the musculoskeletal system is indeterminate, whereby the number of unknown muscle forces exceeds the number of available equations. We address in this Chapter the biomechanics of the. F978-0-585-35228-2_8/lookinside/000.png' alt='Biomechanics Of The Musculoskeletal System Nigg Pdf Writer' title='Biomechanics Of The Musculoskeletal System Nigg Pdf Writer' />Biomechanics of the Musculo skeletal System by Benno M. Nigg http www. Biomechanics Of The Musculo.

Results The participants ran 332 ± 178 km in the study shoes between pre- and post-tests. There was no shoe version by time interaction for any of the spatio-temporal variables nor for lower limb angles at initial ground contact. A small but significant shoe drop effect was found for knee abduction at mid-stance (p = 0.032), as it decreased for the D0 version (−0.3 ± 3.1 vs. Celestia Antiqua Semibold Font.

−1.3 ± 2.6°) while it increased for the D6 (0.3 ± 2.7 vs. 1.3 ± 3.1°) and D10 version (-0.2 ± 3.2 vs. However, none of the pairwise comparisons was significant in the post-hoc analysis.